EĦ.12 Hypoglycemia unawareness or one or more episodes of level 3 hypoglycemia should trigger hypoglycemia avoidance education and reevaluation and adjustment of the treatment regimen to decrease hypoglycemia. Glucagon administration is not limited to health care professionals. Caregivers, school personnel, or family members providing support to these individuals should know where it is and when and how to administer it. BĦ.11 Glucagon should be prescribed for all individuals at increased risk of level 2 or 3 hypoglycemia, so that it is available should it be needed. Once the BGM or glucose pattern is trending up, the individual should consume a meal or snack to prevent recurrence of hypoglycemia. Fifteen minutes after treatment, if BGM shows continued hypoglycemia, the treatment should be repeated. ![]() CĦ.10 Glucose (approximately 15–20 g) is the preferred treatment for the conscious individual with blood glucose <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L), although any form of carbohydrate that contains glucose may be used. Examples include walking, yoga, housework, gardening, swimming, and dancing.Ħ.9 Occurrence and risk for hypoglycemia should be reviewed at every encounter and investigated as indicated. Promote increase in nonsedentary activities above baseline for sedentary individuals with type 1 E and type 2 B diabetes. Cĥ.32 Evaluate baseline physical activity and sedentary time. Yoga and tai chi may be included based on individual preferences to increase flexibility, muscular strength, and balance. Cĥ.31 Flexibility training and balance training are recommended 2–3 times/week for older adults with diabetes. B Prolonged sitting should be interrupted every 30 minutes for blood glucose benefits. Shorter durations (minimum 75 minutes/week) of vigorous-intensity or interval training may be sufficient for younger and more physically fit individuals.ĥ.29 Adults with type 1 C and type 2 B diabetes should engage in 2–3 sessions/week of resistance exercise on nonconsecutive days.ĥ.30 All adults, and particularly those with type 2 diabetes, should decrease the amount of time spent in daily sedentary behavior. Cĥ.28 Most adults with type 1 C and type 2 B diabetes should engage in 150 minutes or more of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, spread over at least 3 days/week, with no more than 2 consecutive days without activity. If results are normal, testing should be repeated at a minimum of 3-year intervals, with consideration of more frequent testing depending on initial results and risk status.ĥ.27 Children and adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes or prediabetes should engage in 60 minutes/day or more of moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, with vigorous muscle-strengthening and bone-strengthening activities at least 3 days/week. ![]() For all other patients, testing should begin at age 35 years.ĥ. Women who were diagnosed with GDM should have lifelong testing at least every 3 years.Ĥ. Patients with prediabetes (A1C ≥5.7%, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glucose]) should be tested yearly.ģ. Other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance (e.g., severe obesity, acanthosis nigricans)Ģ.HDL cholesterol level 250 mg/dL (2.82 mmol/L).Hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg or on therapy for hypertension).High-risk race/ethnicity (e.g., African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander).Testing should be considered in adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 or ≥23 kg/m 2 in Asian Americans) who have one or more of the following risk factors:
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